Kazakhstan Rewrites Its Origin Story: The Golden Horde as a New Foundation of Statehood
Kazakhstan is elevating the Golden Horde (Ulus of Jochi) into its official national narrative, extending statehood origins well before 1991 and even the Kazakh Khanate. The shift is being institutionalized through research, heritage restoration, education and media policy, and cultural production, while being framed as multiethnic to preserve civic cohesion and manage external sensitivities.